Menopausia, el inicio del envejecimiento de las mujeres chilenas. Un estudio cualitativo

Indexación: Scopus.Objective. To develop the meaning of menopause of a group of post-menopausal women and their relationship with aging. Methods. Qualitative descriptive study on 15 Chilean women that completed a taped face-to-face in depth interview that were interpreted according to Krippendorff. Results. A qualitative content analysis revealed the presence of two themes: (a) Cessation of women's reproductive stage and (b) a life transition to aging. Conclusion. Women perceived their menopause as the beginning of aging focusing on the end of fertility and the social connotation that this new role implies. Feeling old 10 years before the customary beginning of old age is an important starting point to be incorporated in women's health education.http://ref.scielo.org/x7bfh

Uso de pacientes estandarizados para la adquisición de conocimientos teórico-clínicos en estudiantes de pregrado

ResumenLa práctica docente obliga a innovar con metodologías que faciliten el aprendizaje y resguarden los principios éticos que fundamentan el quehacer profesional, como es el caso del uso de los pacientes estandarizados (PE).ObjetivoEvaluar el efecto en los conocimientos sobre esquizofrenia y trastornos del ánimo de una intervención que combina clases teóricas estandarizadas y uso de PE en estudiantes universitarios de pregrado de la asignatura de enfermería psiquiátrica.MétodoDiseño cuantitativo descriptivo sobre un universo de 157 estudiantes de enfermería de quinto y sexto semestre de formación. La recolección de los datos se realizó a través de un instrumento de medición de conocimientos sometido a pruebas de validación de contenido. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS®.ResultadosAl medir el efecto de la intervención en la adquisición de conocimientos, se observa que la metodología de clase estandarizada incrementa en promedio un 34% los conocimientos de los estudiantes y el uso de PE contribuye con sobre un 10% adicional. Al combinar ambas estrategias, los conocimientos de los estudiantes se incrementan en 49.3% y 41.9% para esquizofrenia y trastornos del ánimo respectivamente, sin que el estudiante participe de otra instancia de estudio o profundización de los contenidos.ConclusiónEl uso de estrategias metodológicas combinadas contribuye a la adquisición de los conocimientos necesarios para la formación de estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería psiquiátrica.AbstractTeaching needs to innovate with methodologies which foster learning while, at the same time, maintain the ethical principles which give base to the professional activities. Such is the case of the use of standardized patients (SP).ObjectiveTo assess the effects of an intervention which combines standardized theoretical classes with the use of SP, on the knowledge which undergraduate students, undergoing their psychiatric nursing subject, have on schizophrenia and mood disorders.MethodThis was a qualitative and descriptive study on a universe of 157 nursing students from the fifth and sixth semesters of their program. Data collection was conducted through a knowledge assessment instrument which was submitted to content validity tests. The SPSS® program was used to analyze these data.ResultsFrom the intervention, it was observed that the methodology of standardized class increments in an average of 34% the students’ knowledge, while the use of SP contributes with an additional 10%. When combining both methodologies, and without any other content-deepening technique, the students’ knowledge on schizophrenia increased 49.4% while their knowledge on mood disorders increased 41.9%.ConclusionThe use of combined methodological strategies contributes to the acquisition of formation-needed knowledge by undergraduate psychiatric nursing students

Enfermería para el auto cuidado en personas con problemas del sueño

The objective of this research is to know the perception of effectiveness of the Self Care Nursing Program in adults with sleep disorders treated in the Medical Sleep Center of the Catholic University of Chile (CEMS) between 1999 and 2000, in Santiago de Chile. It is a descriptive, exploratory, retrospective study, with a sample of 25 adults, constituted in a 72 % by women, 52% of people has between 20 and 39 years, 78% classify in a high and medium- high socio-economic level, the 100% have complete high school education, and the most frequently sleep problem is the conciliation insomnia. More of 80% consumes sleeping pills, 85 % of them refers to have diminished the doses during and after attending the Self-Care Nursing Program. 84% of the interviewed people at the moment uses some of the learned techniques: 36% sleep hygiene, 12% relaxation and imaginary and 36% both. 80% perceived as benefits of the nursing Program the improvement in the quality of the sleep and a sensation of serenity and tranquillity in their daily live, by that is better quality of life.El objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer la percepción de la eficacia del Programa de Enfermería para el Autocuidado de adultos con problemas del sueño atendidos en el Centro de Estudios Médicos del Sueño de la Universidad Católica de Chile (CEMS), entre los años 1999 y 2000, en Santiago de Chile. Es un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, en una muestra de 25 adultos, constituida en un 72% por mujeres. 52% de los entrevistados tiene entre 20 y 39 años, el 78% se clasifica en un nivel socio económico alto y medio-alto, el 100% tiene enseñanza secundaria completa y el problema de sueño más frecuente es el insomnio de conciliación. Más del 80% consume medicamentos para dormir, de ellos el 85% refiere haber disminuido las dosis durante y después de haber asistido al Programa de Enfermería para el Autocuidado. El 84% de los entrevistados usa actualmente alguna de las técnicas aprendidas: 36% higiene del sueño, 12% relajación e imaginería y otro 36%, ambas. El 80% percibió como beneficios del Programa la mejoría en la calidad del sueño y una sensación de mayor serenidad y tranquilidad en su diario vivir, por lo mismo una mejor calidad de vida

Machine learning for smart environments in B5G networks: Connectivity and QoS

The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices to be connected via the Internet is overgrowing. The heterogeneity and complexity of the IoT in terms of dynamism and uncertainty complicate this landscape dramatically and introduce vulnerabilities. Intelligent management of IoT is required to maintain connectivity, improve Quality of Service (QoS), and reduce energy consumption in real time within dynamic environments. Machine Learning (ML) plays a pivotal role in QoS enhancement, connectivity, and provisioning of smart applications. Therefore, this survey focuses on the use of ML for enhancing IoT applications. We also provide an in-depth overview of the variety of IoT applications that can be enhanced using ML, such as smart cities, smart homes, and smart healthcare. For each application, we introduce the advantages of using ML. Finally, we shed light on ML challenges for future IoT research, and we review the current literature based on existing works